使用Java操作HBase数据库

一、添加依赖

首先我们在maven项目中添加下面两个依赖

<!-- hbase依赖 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
    <artifactId>hbase-client</artifactId>
    <version>1.4.10</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 单元测试依赖 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
    <version>5.3.2</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

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二、连接HBase数据库

1. 编写连接数据库的实现

/**
 * @title HBaseConnection
 * @date 2019/12/8 20:46
 * @description 连接HBase数据库
 */
public class HBaseConnection {
    private static final HBaseConnection INSTANCE = new HBaseConnection();
    private static Configuration configuration;
    private static Connection connection;

    private HBaseConnection(){
        try {
            if(configuration == null){
                configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
                configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "localhost:2181");
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private Connection getConnection(){
        if (connection == null || connection.isClosed()){
            try{
                connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
            }catch (Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return connection;
    }

    public static Connection getHBaseConnection(){
        return INSTANCE.getConnection();
    }

    public static Table getTable(String tableName) throws IOException {
        return INSTANCE.getConnection().getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
    }

    public static void closeConnection(){
        if(connection != null){
            try {
                connection.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

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2. 编写数据库连接测试类

/**
 * @title HBaseTest
 * @date 2019/12/8 21:35
 * @description //todo
 */
public class HBaseConnectionTest {

    @Test
    public void getConnectionTest(){
        Connection hBaseConnection = HBaseConnection.getHBaseConnection();
        System.out.println(hBaseConnection.isClosed());
        HBaseConnection.closeConnection();
        System.out.println(hBaseConnection.isClosed());
    }

    @Test
    public void getTableTest(){
        try{
            Table table = HBaseConnection.getTable("US_POPULATION");
            System.out.println(table.getName().getNameAsString());
            table.close();
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

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三、使用Java实现HBase常见操作

1. 编写操作数据库的实现

/**
 * @title HBaseUtil
 * @date 2019/12/9 11:14
 * @description 操作HBase工具类
 */
public class HBaseUtil {

    /**
     * 创建HBase表
     * @param tableName 表名
     * @param cfs 列族的数据
     * @return 是否创建成功
     */
    public static boolean createTable(String tableName, String[] cfs){
        try (HBaseAdmin admin = (HBaseAdmin)HBaseConnection.getHBaseConnection().getAdmin()){
            if(admin.tableExists(tableName)){
                return false;
            }
            HTableDescriptor tableDescriptor = new HTableDescriptor(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
            Arrays.stream(cfs).forEach(cf -> {
                HColumnDescriptor columnDescriptor = new HColumnDescriptor(cf);
                columnDescriptor.setMaxVersions(1);
                tableDescriptor.addFamily(columnDescriptor);
            });
            admin.createTable(tableDescriptor);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 删除HBase表
     * @param tableName 表名
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean deleteTable(String tableName){
        try (HBaseAdmin admin = (HBaseAdmin)HBaseConnection.getHBaseConnection().getAdmin()){
            admin.disableTable(tableName);
            admin.deleteTable(tableName);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * HBase表中插入一条数据
     * @param tableName 表名
     * @param roeKey 唯一标识
     * @param cfName 列族名
     * @param qualifier 列标识
     * @param data 数据
     * @return 是否插入成功
     */
    public static boolean putRow(String tableName, String roeKey, String cfName, String qualifier, String data){
        try (Table table = HBaseConnection.getTable(tableName)){
            Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(roeKey));
            put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(cfName), Bytes.toBytes(qualifier), Bytes.toBytes(data));
            table.put(put);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * HBase表中批量插入数据
     * @param tableName
     * @param puts
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean putRows(String tableName, List<Put> puts){
        try (Table table = HBaseConnection.getTable(tableName)){
            table.put(puts);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 获取单条数据
     * @param tableName 表名
     * @param rowKey 唯一表标识
     * @return 查询结果
     */
    public static Result getRow(String tableName, String rowKey){
        try (Table table = HBaseConnection.getTable(tableName)){
            Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
            return table.get(get);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 根据过滤器来获取单条数据
     * @param tableName 表名
     * @param rowKey 唯一标识
     * @param filterList 过滤器
     * @return 查询结果
     */
    public static Result getRow(String tableName, String rowKey, FilterList filterList){
        try (Table table = HBaseConnection.getTable(tableName)){
            Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
            get.setFilter(filterList);
            return table.get(get);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 通过Scan来检索数据
     * @param tableName 表名
     * @return 查询结果
     */
    public static ResultScanner getScanner(String tableName){
        try (Table table = HBaseConnection.getTable(tableName)){
            Scan scan = new Scan();
            scan.setCaching(1000);
            return table.getScanner(scan);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 批量检索数据
     * @param tableName 表名
     * @param startRowKey 起始rowKey
     * @param endRowKey 终止rowKey
     * @return 查询结果
     */
    public static ResultScanner getScanner(String tableName, String startRowKey, String endRowKey){
        try (Table table = HBaseConnection.getTable(tableName)){
            Scan scan = new Scan();
            scan.withStartRow(Bytes.toBytes(startRowKey));
            scan.withStopRow(Bytes.toBytes(endRowKey));
            scan.setCaching(1000);
            return table.getScanner(scan);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 使用过滤器批量检索数据
     * @param tableName 表名
     * @param startRowKey 起始rowKey
     * @param endRowKey 终止rowKey
     * @param filterList 过滤器
     * @return 查询结果
     */
    public static ResultScanner getScanner(String tableName, String startRowKey, String endRowKey, FilterList filterList){
        try (Table table = HBaseConnection.getTable(tableName)){
            Scan scan = new Scan();
            scan.withStartRow(Bytes.toBytes(startRowKey));
            scan.withStopRow(Bytes.toBytes(endRowKey));
            scan.setFilter(filterList);
            scan.setCaching(1000);
            return table.getScanner(scan);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * HBase删除一行结果
     * @param tableName 表名
     * @param rowKey 唯一标识
     * @return 是否删除
     */
    public static boolean deleteRow(String tableName, String rowKey){
        try (Table table = HBaseConnection.getTable(tableName)){
            Delete delete = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
            table.delete(delete);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 删除一个列族
     * @param tableName 表名
     * @param cfName 列族名
     * @return 是否删除
     */
    public static boolean deleteColumnFamily(String tableName, String cfName){
        try (HBaseAdmin admin = (HBaseAdmin)HBaseConnection.getHBaseConnection().getAdmin()){
            admin.deleteColumn(tableName, cfName);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 删除某一列的qualifier
     * @param tableName 表名
     * @param rowKey 唯一标识
     * @param cfName 列族名
     * @param qualifier
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean deleteQualifier(String tableName, String rowKey, String cfName, String qualifier){
        try (Table table = HBaseConnection.getTable(tableName)){
            Delete delete = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
            delete.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(cfName), Bytes.toBytes(qualifier));
            table.delete(delete);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return true;
    }
}

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2. 编写相关测试类进行测试

/**
 * @title HBaseUtilTest
 * @date 2019/12/9 11:55
 * @description //todo
 */
public class HBaseUtilTest {

    @Test
    public void createTable(){
        HBaseUtil.createTable("FileTable", new String[]{"fileInfo", "saveInfo"});
    }

    @Test
    public void addFileDetails(){
        HBaseUtil.putRow("FileTable", "rowkey1", "fileInfo", "name", "file1.txt");
        HBaseUtil.putRow("FileTable", "rowkey1", "fileInfo", "type", "txt");
        HBaseUtil.putRow("FileTable", "rowkey1", "fileInfo", "size", "1024");
        HBaseUtil.putRow("FileTable", "rowkey1", "saveInfo", "creator", "suiwo1");
        HBaseUtil.putRow("FileTable", "rowkey2", "fileInfo", "name", "file2.jpg");
        HBaseUtil.putRow("FileTable", "rowkey2", "fileInfo", "type", "jpg");
        HBaseUtil.putRow("FileTable", "rowkey2", "fileInfo", "size", "2048");
        HBaseUtil.putRow("FileTable", "rowkey2", "saveInfo", "creator", "suiwo2");
    }

    @Test
    public void getFileDetails(){
        Result result = HBaseUtil.getRow("FileTable", "rowkey1");
        if(result != null){
            System.out.println("rowkey = " + Bytes.toString(result.getRow()));
            System.out.println("fileName = " + Bytes.toString(result.getValue(Bytes.toBytes("fileInfo"), Bytes.toBytes("name"))));
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void scanFileDetail(){
        ResultScanner scanner = HBaseUtil.getScanner("FileTable", "rowkey2", "rowkey2");
        if(scanner != null){
            scanner.forEach(result -> {
                System.out.println("rowkey = " + Bytes.toString(result.getRow()));
                System.out.println("fileName = " + Bytes.toString(result.getValue(Bytes.toBytes("fileInfo"), Bytes.toBytes("name"))));
            });
            scanner.close();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void deleteRow(){
        HBaseUtil.deleteRow("FileTable", "rowkey1");
    }

    @Test
    public void deleteTable(){
        HBaseUtil.deleteTable("FileTable");
    }
}